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{{Infobox Airport| name = London Gatwick Airport| nativename = Gatwick Airport| image = Gatwick_South_Terminal.jpg| image-width =| caption =| IATA = LGW| ICAO = EGKK| type = Public| owner-oper = BAA Limited| city-served =
London, [West Sussex/[Concrete's second largest [airport and the second busiest airport in the
United Kingdom after
London Heathrow Airport. It is also the world's busiest single runway airport, and the world's 22nd busiest airport (7th in terms of international passengers) in terms of passengers per year. It is located in
Crawley,
West Sussex (originally
Charlwood,
Surrey) 2.7
nautical mile (5
Kilometre or 3 miles) north of the town centre, 24.7 nm (46 km or 28 miles) south of London and 21.6 nm (40 km or 25 miles) north of Brighton.
London Gatwick has a
United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P528) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction.
With about 200 destinations the airport handled over 34 million passengers with 263,363 aircraft movements in 2006. Charter airlines are generally not allowed to operate from
London Heathrow airport and many use Gatwick instead as their base. Many flights to and from the
United States also use Gatwick because of restrictions on transatlantic operations from Heathrow. The airport is a hub for British Airways and
Virgin Atlantic Airways.
In 1979, when the last major expansion took place, an agreement was reached with the local council not to expand further before 2019, but recent proposals to build a second
runway suitable for large jets at Gatwick led to protests about increased noise and pollution and demolition of houses and villages. The government has now decided to expand
London Stansted Airport and Heathrow but not Gatwick. Gatwick's owners
BAA Limited have published a new consultation which includes a possible second runway south of the airport, but leaves the villages of
Charlwood and Hookwood intact, north of the airport.
Like many other airports, car parking is in limited supply at Gatwick. This is partly due to local planning restrictions. Facilities are often full to capacity in the summer months.
History
The name "Gatwick" dates back to
1241, and was the name of a
Manorialism on the site of today's airport until the 19th century. It is derived from the Old English language words
gāt, 'goat', and
wīc, 'dairy farm', i.e. 'goat farm'. visibleIn 1891, a racecourse was created at Gatwick beside the London-Brighton railway. A railway station was built which included sidings for horse boxes.The course was popular and held both steeplechase and flat races. During the
World War I the course hosted the Grand National.
In the 1920s land adjacent to the racecourse at Hunts Green Farm along Tinsley Green Lane was used as an aerodrome and licensed in August
1930 in aviation. The Surrey Aero Club was formed in 1930 and used the old Hunts Green farmhouse as the first club house.
The Redwing Aircraft Company bought the aerodrome in 1932 in aviation and operated a flying school. The aerodrome was also used for pilots flying in to watch the races. In 1933, the aerodrome was sold to an investor who had designs to run it as an airport. The Air Ministry approved commercial flights from Gatwick the following year, and by 1936, scheduled flights were operating to several destinations on the Continent. A circular terminal called "The Beehive" was built, with a subway connecting it to Gatwick
railway station so that passengers could travel from Victoria Station (London) to the aircraft without stepping into the elements. Two fatal accidents in 1936 questioned the safety of the airport, it was also prone to fogs and waterlogged soil. The new subway regularly flooded after heavy rain. As a consequence of the conditions and the need for longer landing areas
British Airways Ltd moved out to Croydon Airport in 1937. Gatwick changed back to private flying and also a contract to run a Royal Air Force flying training school. The airport also attracted aircraft repair companies.
Gatwick Airport was requisitioned by the Royal Air Force in September
1939 in aviation and used for aircraft maintenance. Although night-fighters, an army co-operation squadron and later fighters were based at Gatwick it was mainly used as a repair and maintenance facility.
Aircraft maintenance continued after the war, but a number of charter companies (using war-surplus aircraft) started to use Gatwick. Most of the services were cargo flights. The airport still suffered from bad drainage and was little used. In November 1948 the airport owners warned that the airport could be
de-requesitioned by November 1949 and revert back to private use.
Stansted airport was favoured as London's second airport and Gatwick's future was in doubt. Despite opposition from the neighbouring local authorities the cabinet in 1950 decided that Gatwick was to be designated as an alternative to Heathrow Airport. British European Airways started flying from Gatwick and
BEA Helicopters opened a base at the airport. The government announced in July 1952 that the airport was to be developed, and the airport was closed for an extensive (£7.8 million) renovation between 1956 and 1958. On
9 June 1958 in aviation Queen Elizabeth II flew into the new airport, in a
De Havilland Heron, to perform the official opening.
The new Gatwick was the world's first airport with a direct railway connection, and was one of the first to use a fully enclosed pier-based terminal design which allowed passengers to walk under cover to waiting areas very close to their aircraft with only minimal walking distance outdoors. Full extendible jetbridge access was added when the piers were rebuilt and extended in the 1970s and 1980s.
Throughout the 1950s and 60s passenger figures grew and despite all modifications to the existing terminal and the opening of the satellite pier in 1983, there was still a need for more capacity. In 1988, the North Terminal was completed; it is connected to the South Terminal by an automated rapid transit system. In 2005, the £110 million Pier 6 opened, adding an extra 11 pier-served aircraft stands to the North Terminal. Linked by the world's largest air passenger bridge to the main terminal building, it spans a live aircraft taxiway, giving arriving and departing passengers at Gatwick amazing views of the airport and taxiing aircraft.
Runways
Gatwick has two runways but the northern runway 08L/26R is a non-instrument runway and is only used when 08R/26L is temporarily non-operational because of maintenance or an accident.
Both runways cannot be used at the same time because of insufficient separation between them. It can take up to 15 minutes to change over from one runway to the other.
The northern runway 08L/26R does not have an
Instrument Landing System and aircraft need to use a combination of
Distance Measuring Equipment, Non-directional beacons, and assistance from the airport approach controller using a surveillance radar.
Terminals
There are two terminals at Gatwick; North and South.
{| border="0" cellpadding="3"|-valign="top"|width="50%"|
North Terminal
Construction began on the North Terminal in 1983: it was the largest construction project south of London to have taken place in the 1980s. The terminal was opened by
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom in 1988 and was expanded in 1991. A major extension to the North Terminal departure lounge was completed in 2001 and an additional aircraft pier was added in 2005. The main user of the North Terminal is
British Airways and other Oneworld operators.
- Adria Airways (Ljubljana)
- Air Comet (Madrid)
- Air France
- Air France operated by Brit Air (Strasbourg)
- Air Namibia (Windhoek)
- Air Southwest (Newquay, Plymouth)
- Arkia Israel Airlines (Tel Aviv)
- American Airlines (Dallas/Fort Worth, Raleigh/Durham March 29)
- Astraeus (airline) (Accra, Alghero, Aqaba, Aswan, Banjul, Bastia, Bergen, Bodrum, Brescia, Calvi, Chambery, Corfu, Deer Lake, Dubrovnik, El Alamein, Fagernes, Freetown, Geneva, Hassi Messaoud, Heraklion, Kalamata, Kefallinia, Kuusamo, Las Palmos, Malabo, Malaga, Monrovia, Murcia, Murmansk, Mykonos, Olbia, Paphos, Preveza,Santorini, St. John's, Salzburg, Sharm El Sheikh, Split, Taba, Tenerife, Thira,Verona,Volus, Uralsk, Zadar, Zakinthos)
- Atlas Blue (Marrakech)
- British Airways (Aberdeen, Algiers March 30, Amsterdam, Antalya 10 April, Antigua, Atlanta, Barcelona, Bari, Bermuda, Bologna, Bordeaux, Bridgetown, Cagliari, Catania, Dallas/Fort Worth March 30, Dresden, Dublin, Dubrovnik, Edinburgh, Geneva, Genoa March 30, Glasgow-International, Grenada, Grenoble, Houston-Intercontinental March 30, Izmir, Jersey, Kingston, Krakow, Luxembourg, Madrid, Manchester, Marseille, Naples, Newquay, Nice, Orlando, Pisa, Poznan 30 March, Port of Spain, Prague, Priština, Reykjavik-Keflavik, Rome-Fiumicino, Salzburg, Sarajevo, St Lucia, Split, Tampa, Tirana, Thessaloniki, Tobago, Toulouse, Turin, Varna, Venice, Verona, Warsaw March 30, Zürich)
- British Airways operated by GB Airways (Agadir, Ajaccio, Alicante, Arrecife, Bastia, Corfu, Dalaman, Faro, Fez Winter 07, Funchal, Gibraltar, Heraklion, Hurghada, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Mahon, Malaga, Malta, Marrakech, Montpellier, Mykonos, Nantes, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Rhodes, Sharm el Sheikh, Tenerife South, Tunis)
- Brussels Airlines (Brussels)
- Clickair (Seville)
- Continental Airlines (Cleveland , Houston-Intercontinental, Newark)
- Kıbrıs Türk Hava Yolları (Antalya, Dalaman)
- Daallo Airlines (Djibouti)
- Delta Air Lines (Atlanta, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, New York-JFK)
- Emirates Airline (Dubai)
- First Choice Airways (Agadir, Alicante, Almeria, Antayla, Antigua, Arrecife, Aruba, Banjul, Barcelona, Bodrum, Bourgas, Cancún, Chania, Colombo, Corfu, Dalaman, Dubrovnik, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Geneva, Goa, Grenoble, Heraklion, Holguin, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Kalamata, Kefallinia, Kittala, Kos, Krakow, Liberia (CR), Larnaca, Las Palmas, Ljubljana, Mahon, Malaga, Male, Malta, Mitilini, Mombasa, Monastir, Naples, Orlando-Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Porlamar, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Porlamar, Puerto Plata, Reus, Rhodes, Salzburg, Sharm el Sheikh, St. Thomas, Skiathos, Taba, Tel Aviv, Tenerife, Thessaloniki, Toulouse, Turin, Varadero, Varna, Verona, Zadar, Zakynthos)
- FlyLal (Vilnius)
- GB Airways Charter (Aqaba, Aswan, Geneva, Kittilla, Kuusamo, Luxor, Lyon, Salzburg)
- Israir (Tel Aviv)
- Malév Hungarian Airlines (Budapest)
- Nationwide Airlines (Johannesburg)
- Oman Air (Muscat November 15)
- Virgin Nigeria (Lagos)
South Terminal
The main pier of the South Terminal was built during the 1956-58 construction of Gatwick. In 1962, two additional piers were added, and in 1983, a circular satellite pier was opened, connected to the main terminal by the UK's first automated
people mover system, now withdrawn. In 2000, a major extension to the South Terminal departure lounge was completed, and in 2005 an extension and refurbishment was also completed to the baggage reclaim hall, doubling it in size. The terminal is currently undergoing a refurbishment. In recent years the terminal has been used by the low cost airlines operating out of Gatwick, and many of the former users have moved to the newer North Terminal.
- Aer Lingus (Dublin October 28)
- African Safari Airways (Mombasa)
- Afriqiyah Airways (Tripoli)
- Air Zimbabwe (Harare)
- Air Malta (Catania, Malta)
- Air Transat (Calgary, Fredericton May 6, 2008, Halifax May 6, 2008, Montréal, Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver)
- airBaltic (Riga, Vilnius)
- Alexandair (Heraklion, Kos)
- Aurigny Air (Guernsey)
- Azerbaijan Airlines (Baku)
- Belavia (Minsk)
- BH Air (Bourgas, Plovdiv, Sofia, Varna)
- BritishJET (Malta)
- Bulgaria Air (Sofia, Varna)
- Centralwings (Krakow, Warsaw, Wroclaw)
- Croatia Airlines (Dubrovnik, Pula, Split)
- Cubana de Aviación (Havana, Holguin)
- easyJet (Alicante, Almeria, Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Belfast-International, Berlin-Schönefeld, Bucharest-Băneasa October 29, Budapest, Cologne/Bonn, Edinburgh, Faro, Gdansk October, Geneva, Glasgow-International, Ibiza, Inverness, Innsbruck October Krakow September, La Rochelle, Lisbon October 30, Madrid, Malaga, Marrakech, Marseille, Menorca, Milan-Linate, Milan-Malpensa, Nice, Olbia, Palermo, Palma de Mallorca, Pisa, Prague, Rome-Ciampino, Sofia November, Split, Toulouse, Valencia, Venice)
- Estonian Air (Tallinn)
- Eurocypria Airlines (Larnaca, Paphos)
- European Aviation Air Charter (Rimini)
- Flybe (Belfast-City, Bergerac, Guernsey, Inverness, Isle of Man, Jersey)
- Flyglobespan (Calgary , Toronto-Hamilton , Vancouver )
- Free Bird Airlines (Antalya, Dalaman)
- Ghana International Airlines (Accra)
- Germanwings (Hamburg)
- Iberia Airlines
- Jet2.com (Newcastle)
- Karthago Airlines (Monastir)
- KD Avia (Kaliningrad)
- LTE International Airways (Las Palmas, Palma, Tenerife)
- Meridiana (Cagliari, Florence, Olbia)
- Monarch Airlines (scheduled) (Alicante, Arrecife, Faro, Granada, Ibiza, Lisbon, Malaga, Murcia, Tenerife)
- Monarch Airlines (charter) (Alicante, Almeria, Antalya, Arrecife, Banjul, Barbados, Barcelona, Bodrum, Calgary, Cancún, Chania, Colombo, Corfu, Faro, Fuerteventura, Geneva, Goa, Grenoble, Heraklion, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Kos, Lanzarote, Las Palmas, Luxor, Lyon, Mahon, Malaga, Male, Mombasa, Naples, Orlando-Sanford, Palma, Paphos, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Salzburg, Sharm el Sheikh, Skiathos, Sofio, Taba, Tenerife, Toulouse, Trivandrum, Turin, Venice, Verona, Zacinthos)
- MyTravel Airways (Agadir, Almeria, Arrecife, Bodrum, Bourgas, Calgary, Cancun, Corfu, Dalaman, Edmonton, Fuerteventura, Gerona, Goa, Heraklion, Hurghada, Ibiza, Kefallinia, Kos, La Romana, Las Palmas, Mahon, Malaga, Male, Monastir, Montego Bay, Orlando-Sanford, Palma, Paphos, Puerto Plata, Reus, Rhodes, Salzburg, Tenerife, Toronto-Pearson, Turin, Vancouver, Zakinthos)
- Northwest Airlines (Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul)
- Norwegian Air Shuttle (Oslo October 28, Stavanger November 2)
- Nouvelair Tunisia (Djerba, Monastir)
- Oasis Hong Kong Airlines (Hong Kong)
- Olympic Airlines (Athens, Thessaloniki)
- Onur Air (Bodrum, Dalaman)
- Pegasus Airlines (Dalaman)
- Qatar Airways (Doha)
- Rossiya (airline) (St. Petersburg)
- Ryanair (Cork, Dublin, Shannon)
- Scandinavian Airlines System (Aalesund, Bergen)
- SATA International (Ponta Delgada)
- Sterling Airlines (Aalborg, Billund, Copenhagen, Oslo October 28, Stockholm-Arlanda)
- Sudan Airways (Khartoum)
- Superfly (airline) (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi)
- TAP Portugal (Funchal, Lisbon, Porto)
- TAROM (Cluj Napoca) October 28
- Thomsonfly (Agadir, Alghero, Alicante, Almeria, Antalya, Arrecife, Barbados, Bodrum, Bourgas, Cancun, Catania, Chania, Corfu, Dalaman, Dubrovnik, Enontekio, Faro, Figari, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Geneva, Gerona, Goa, Heraklion, Hurghada, Ibiza, Kavala, Kefallinia, Kos, Las Palmas, Lamezia, Larnaca, Las Palmas, Luxor, Mahon, Malaga, Malta, Marsa Alam, Mombasa, Monastir, Montego Bay, Niš , Orlando-Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Plovdiv, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Reus, Rovaniemi, Salzburg, Sharm el Sheikh, Sofia, Tenerife, Thessaloniki, Toulouse, Turin, Varadero, Varna, Verona, Zakynthos)
- Thomas Cook Airlines (Agadir, Alicante, Almeria, Antalya, Arrecife, Banjul, Barbados, Bodrum, Bourgas, Calgary, Cancun, Cayo Coco, Corfu, Cunagua, Dalaman, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Geneva, Halifax, Hassi Messaoud, Heraklion, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Izmir, Kalamata, Kefallinia, Kos, Larnaca, Las Palmas, Lyon, Mahon, Malaga, Malta, Monastir, Montréal, Munich, Orlando-Sanford, Ottawa, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Plovdiv, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Reus, Rhodes, Salzburg, Sharm el Sheikh, Skiathos, Sofia, Split, Tenerife, Thessaloniki, Thira, Toronto-Pearson, Toulouse, Turin, Vancouver, Varadero, Verona, Zakinthos)
- Ukraine International Airlines (Kiev-Boryspil)
- US Airways (Charlotte, Philadelphia)
- Viking Airlines (Heraklion)
- Virgin Atlantic Airways (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Havana, Kingston October 30, Las Vegas, Montego Bay, Orlando, St Lucia, Tobago)
- Wizz Air (Katowice January 31, 2008)
- XL Airways (Alicante, Algarve, Almeria, Antalya, Arrecife, Athens, Barbados, Bastia, Bodrum, Brescia, Cagliari, Catania, Chania, Corfu, Dalaman, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Goa, Grenada, Heraklion, Holguin, Hurghada, Kalamata, Kavala, Kefallina, Kos, Larnaca, Las Palmas, Lemnos, Mahon, Malaga, Malta, Marsa Alam, Mitilini, Mombasa, Murcia, Mykonos, Naples, Orlando-Sanford, Palma, Paphos, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Pula, Punta Cana, Rhodes, Samos, Santa Clara, Sharm el Sheikh, Skiathos, St. Kitts,St.lucia, Taba, Tenerife, Thessaloniki, Thira, Tobago, Volos, Zakinthos)
- Zoom Airlines (Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax, Montréal, Ottawa, Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver, Winnipeg)
- Zoom Airlines Limited (Bermuda, New York-JFK)
Gatwick Airport Transit
{| |}|}
The Gatwick Airport Transit provides free transportation between the North and South Terminals. The transit system uses transit vehicles that run along a 1.2km long elevated two-way track system. The transit vehicles are automatic driverless people movers each with three cars. The transit is free to use with a travel time of only one minute fifty-six seconds. The transit runs every three minutes in peak travel periods (when two vehicles are used) and every six minutes at all other times (when one vehicle shuttles back and forth).
Incidents and accidents
- 17 February 1959 - a Turkish Airlines Vickers Viscount crashed near Horley whilst approaching to land at Gatwick. The plane hit some trees and went into a house. 12 of 22 on board the plane died. On board at the time was then-Turkey Prime Minister Adnan Menderes, who was amongst the survivors.
- 5 January 1969 - Ariana Flight 701, a Boeing 727-113C of Ariana Afghan Airlines was arriving at Gatwick from Frankfurt International Airport in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and crashed into a house while attempting to land in low visibility conditions. The flaps were not extended far enough to maintain flight at final approach speed. 50 of the 66 people on board died as well as two on the ground.
Facilities
Both terminals at Gatwick offer a range of facilities for travellers. Business travellers are catered for by several executive lounges offering peace and quiet and modern business facilities. There is also a conference and business centre with meeting facilities and business services. Business Travellers are also offered Fast Track which enables an efficient car park to airport to check-in and then to flight service.
Children are catered for with facilities for baby changing and feeding and there are play areas and video games to keep them amused.
Disabled passengers can travel easily through Gatwick too with all areas being accessible and added special needs facilities.
Both North and South terminals have a range of shops and restaurants both landside and airside.
The airport and the surrounding area has many hotels of differing grades from executive accommodation to a capsule hotel.
Worship
Gatwick Airport has Anglican, Catholic and Free Church Chaplains. There is a multi-faith prayer room and counselling room in each terminal. A daily service is led by one of the chaplains. The prayer room is open to all faiths for prayer and devotion by all passengers.
Policing
Gatwick Airport is policed by a unit of
Sussex Police. The unit has jurisdiction over the whole airport, including any aircraft within its boundaries, except ones on the active runways. There are currently 150 officers in this unit including a significant number of armed officers, unarmed officers and Police Community Support Officer who help out with the airport community and help to deal with minor offences. They are part of a Neighbourhood Specialist team.
The airport also has a sub-unit which protects against
MANPADS by patrolling the area in and around the airport.
A separate sub-unit has also set up vehicle check points around the airport.^ "Guarding Gatwick", Airports - September/October 2007 (Key Publishing), P17
Ground transportation
The airport is located at junction 9A of the
M23 motorway; a spur route itself from the main M23 motorway. The M23 connects with London's orbital motorway; the M25 motorway, 9 miles (14 km) away at junction 8, offering road access to surrounding areas and beyond. Gatwick is on the A23 road London to Brighton road and is also located at the southern end of the
A217 road.
The
Gatwick Airport railway station is located next to the South Terminal and provides fast and frequent connections along the
Brighton Main Line to Victoria station (London) and
London Bridge station stations, as well as Brighton to the south. The Gatwick Express service to Victoria is the best-known rail service from the station, but several other companies, including Southern (train operating company),
First Capital Connect,
Virgin Trains and
First Great Western Link, use the station as well. First Capital Connect provide direct trains to
Luton Airport, and foot passengers with modest luggage can reach Heathrow Airport by catching a
London Buses Route X26 from the bus stops outside East Croydon station.
National Express operates coach services from Gatwick to both Heathrow and Stansted Airport, as well as smaller cities throughout the region.
Route 21 of the National Cycle Network passes under the South Terminal, allowing virtually traffic-free cycling northwards to Horley and southwards to
Three Bridges and Crawley. A goods-style lift runs between the terminal and ground level (signed "Lift to Cycle Route"), near Zone L.
A large network of direct local bus services connect the North and South terminals with
Crawley, Horley, Redhill, Horsham and other local destinations. Services are offered by Metrobus and
Fastway; a guided bus rapid transit system which was the first of its kind to be constructed outside a major city.There are at least two sets of stairs which foot-passengers can use to leave the South Terminal and get to ground-level (near the cycle route) from the vicinity of Zone L and the train-station area (steps are labelled Exit Q and Exit P on the ground). These allow access to bus stops for local services.
The airport has several long and short stay car parks, both at the airport and off-site.
References
- United Kingdom Aeronautical Information Publication
- Gwynne, Peter. (1990) A History of Crawley (2nd Edition) Philmore. ISBN 0-85033-718-6
- King, John, with Tait, Geoff, (1980) Golden Gatwick, 50 Years of Aviation, British Airports Authority.
External links
- Gatwick Airport Official Website
- Gatwick Airport Consultative Committee
{{Infobox Airport| name = London Gatwick Airport| nativename = Gatwick Airport| image = Gatwick_South_Terminal.jpg| image-width =| caption =| IATA = LGW| ICAO = EGKK| type = Public| owner-oper =
BAA Limited| city-served =
London, [West Sussex/[Concrete's second largest [airport and the second busiest airport in the
United Kingdom after London Heathrow Airport. It is also the world's busiest single runway airport, and the world's 22nd busiest airport (7th in terms of international passengers) in terms of passengers per year. It is located in Crawley, West Sussex (originally Charlwood,
Surrey) 2.7 nautical mile (5 Kilometre or 3 miles) north of the town centre, 24.7 nm (46 km or 28 miles) south of London and 21.6 nm (40 km or 25 miles) north of
Brighton.
London Gatwick has a United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority Public Use Aerodrome Licence (Number P528) that allows flights for the public transport of passengers or for flying instruction.
With about 200 destinations the airport handled over 34 million passengers with 263,363 aircraft movements in 2006. Charter airlines are generally not allowed to operate from
London Heathrow airport and many use Gatwick instead as their base. Many flights to and from the United States also use Gatwick because of restrictions on transatlantic operations from Heathrow. The airport is a hub for
British Airways and
Virgin Atlantic Airways.
In 1979, when the last major expansion took place, an agreement was reached with the local council not to expand further before 2019, but recent proposals to build a second runway suitable for large jets at Gatwick led to protests about increased noise and pollution and demolition of houses and villages. The government has now decided to expand
London Stansted Airport and
Heathrow but not Gatwick. Gatwick's owners BAA Limited have published a new consultation which includes a possible second runway south of the airport, but leaves the villages of Charlwood and Hookwood intact, north of the airport.
Like many other airports, car parking is in limited supply at Gatwick. This is partly due to local planning restrictions. Facilities are often full to capacity in the summer months.
History
The name "Gatwick" dates back to 1241, and was the name of a
Manorialism on the site of today's airport until the 19th century. It is derived from the Old English language words
gāt, 'goat', and
wīc, 'dairy farm', i.e. 'goat farm'. visibleIn
1891, a racecourse was created at Gatwick beside the London-Brighton railway. A railway station was built which included sidings for horse boxes.The course was popular and held both steeplechase and flat races. During the
World War I the course hosted the
Grand National.
In the 1920s land adjacent to the racecourse at Hunts Green Farm along Tinsley Green Lane was used as an aerodrome and licensed in August
1930 in aviation. The Surrey Aero Club was formed in 1930 and used the old Hunts Green farmhouse as the first club house.
The Redwing Aircraft Company bought the aerodrome in 1932 in aviation and operated a flying school. The aerodrome was also used for pilots flying in to watch the races. In 1933, the aerodrome was sold to an investor who had designs to run it as an airport. The Air Ministry approved commercial flights from Gatwick the following year, and by 1936, scheduled flights were operating to several destinations on the Continent. A circular terminal called "The Beehive" was built, with a subway connecting it to Gatwick
railway station so that passengers could travel from
Victoria Station (London) to the aircraft without stepping into the elements. Two fatal accidents in 1936 questioned the safety of the airport, it was also prone to fogs and waterlogged soil. The new subway regularly flooded after heavy rain. As a consequence of the conditions and the need for longer landing areas
British Airways Ltd moved out to
Croydon Airport in 1937. Gatwick changed back to private flying and also a contract to run a Royal Air Force flying training school. The airport also attracted aircraft repair companies.
Gatwick Airport was requisitioned by the Royal Air Force in September 1939 in aviation and used for aircraft maintenance. Although night-fighters, an army co-operation squadron and later fighters were based at Gatwick it was mainly used as a repair and maintenance facility.
Aircraft maintenance continued after the war, but a number of charter companies (using war-surplus aircraft) started to use Gatwick. Most of the services were cargo flights. The airport still suffered from bad drainage and was little used. In November 1948 the airport owners warned that the airport could be
de-requesitioned by November 1949 and revert back to private use.
Stansted airport was favoured as London's second airport and Gatwick's future was in doubt. Despite opposition from the neighbouring local authorities the cabinet in 1950 decided that Gatwick was to be designated as an alternative to Heathrow Airport.
British European Airways started flying from Gatwick and BEA Helicopters opened a base at the airport. The government announced in July 1952 that the airport was to be developed, and the airport was closed for an extensive (£7.8 million) renovation between 1956 and 1958. On
9 June 1958 in aviation Queen Elizabeth II flew into the new airport, in a
De Havilland Heron, to perform the official opening.
The new Gatwick was the world's first airport with a direct railway connection, and was one of the first to use a fully enclosed pier-based terminal design which allowed passengers to walk under cover to waiting areas very close to their aircraft with only minimal walking distance outdoors. Full extendible jetbridge access was added when the piers were rebuilt and extended in the 1970s and 1980s.
Throughout the 1950s and 60s passenger figures grew and despite all modifications to the existing terminal and the opening of the satellite pier in 1983, there was still a need for more capacity. In 1988, the North Terminal was completed; it is connected to the South Terminal by an automated
rapid transit system. In 2005, the £110 million Pier 6 opened, adding an extra 11 pier-served aircraft stands to the North Terminal. Linked by the world's largest air passenger bridge to the main terminal building, it spans a live aircraft taxiway, giving arriving and departing passengers at Gatwick amazing views of the airport and taxiing aircraft.
Runways
Gatwick has two runways but the northern runway 08L/26R is a non-instrument runway and is only used when 08R/26L is temporarily non-operational because of maintenance or an accident.
Both runways cannot be used at the same time because of insufficient separation between them. It can take up to 15 minutes to change over from one runway to the other.
The northern runway 08L/26R does not have an Instrument Landing System and aircraft need to use a combination of
Distance Measuring Equipment,
Non-directional beacons, and assistance from the airport approach controller using a surveillance radar.
Terminals
There are two terminals at Gatwick; North and South.
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North Terminal
Construction began on the North Terminal in 1983: it was the largest construction project south of London to have taken place in the 1980s. The terminal was opened by
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom in 1988 and was expanded in 1991. A major extension to the North Terminal departure lounge was completed in 2001 and an additional aircraft pier was added in 2005. The main user of the North Terminal is British Airways and other Oneworld operators.
- Adria Airways (Ljubljana)
- Air Comet (Madrid)
- Air France
- Air Namibia (Windhoek)
- Air Southwest (Newquay, Plymouth)
- Arkia Israel Airlines (Tel Aviv)
- American Airlines (Dallas/Fort Worth, Raleigh/Durham March 29)
- Astraeus (airline) (Accra, Alghero, Aqaba, Aswan, Banjul, Bastia, Bergen, Bodrum, Brescia, Calvi, Chambery, Corfu, Deer Lake, Dubrovnik, El Alamein, Fagernes, Freetown, Geneva, Hassi Messaoud, Heraklion, Kalamata, Kefallinia, Kuusamo, Las Palmos, Malabo, Malaga, Monrovia, Murcia, Murmansk, Mykonos, Olbia, Paphos, Preveza,Santorini, St. John's, Salzburg, Sharm El Sheikh, Split, Taba, Tenerife, Thira,Verona,Volus, Uralsk, Zadar, Zakinthos)
- Atlas Blue (Marrakech)
- British Airways (Aberdeen, Algiers March 30, Amsterdam, Antalya 10 April, Antigua, Atlanta, Barcelona, Bari, Bermuda, Bologna, Bordeaux, Bridgetown, Cagliari, Catania, Dallas/Fort Worth March 30, Dresden, Dublin, Dubrovnik, Edinburgh, Geneva, Genoa March 30, Glasgow-International, Grenada, Grenoble, Houston-Intercontinental March 30, Izmir, Jersey, Kingston, Krakow, Luxembourg, Madrid, Manchester, Marseille, Naples, Newquay, Nice, Orlando, Pisa, Poznan 30 March, Port of Spain, Prague, Priština, Reykjavik-Keflavik, Rome-Fiumicino, Salzburg, Sarajevo, St Lucia, Split, Tampa, Tirana, Thessaloniki, Tobago, Toulouse, Turin, Varna, Venice, Verona, Warsaw March 30, Zürich)
- British Airways operated by GB Airways (Agadir, Ajaccio, Alicante, Arrecife, Bastia, Corfu, Dalaman, Faro, Fez Winter 07, Funchal, Gibraltar, Heraklion, Hurghada, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Mahon, Malaga, Malta, Marrakech, Montpellier, Mykonos, Nantes, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Rhodes, Sharm el Sheikh, Tenerife South, Tunis)
- Brussels Airlines (Brussels)
- Clickair (Seville)
- Continental Airlines (Cleveland , Houston-Intercontinental, Newark)
- Kıbrıs Türk Hava Yolları (Antalya, Dalaman)
- Daallo Airlines (Djibouti)
- Delta Air Lines (Atlanta, Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, New York-JFK)
- Emirates Airline (Dubai)
- First Choice Airways (Agadir, Alicante, Almeria, Antayla, Antigua, Arrecife, Aruba, Banjul, Barcelona, Bodrum, Bourgas, Cancún, Chania, Colombo, Corfu, Dalaman, Dubrovnik, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Geneva, Goa, Grenoble, Heraklion, Holguin, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Kalamata, Kefallinia, Kittala, Kos, Krakow, Liberia (CR), Larnaca, Las Palmas, Ljubljana, Mahon, Malaga, Male, Malta, Mitilini, Mombasa, Monastir, Naples, Orlando-Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Porlamar, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Porlamar, Puerto Plata, Reus, Rhodes, Salzburg, Sharm el Sheikh, St. Thomas, Skiathos, Taba, Tel Aviv, Tenerife, Thessaloniki, Toulouse, Turin, Varadero, Varna, Verona, Zadar, Zakynthos)
- FlyLal (Vilnius)
- GB Airways Charter (Aqaba, Aswan, Geneva, Kittilla, Kuusamo, Luxor, Lyon, Salzburg)
- Israir (Tel Aviv)
- Malév Hungarian Airlines (Budapest)
- Nationwide Airlines (Johannesburg)
- Oman Air (Muscat November 15)
- Virgin Nigeria (Lagos)
South Terminal
The main pier of the South Terminal was built during the 1956-58 construction of Gatwick. In 1962, two additional piers were added, and in 1983, a circular satellite pier was opened, connected to the main terminal by the UK's first automated people mover system, now withdrawn. In 2000, a major extension to the South Terminal departure lounge was completed, and in 2005 an extension and refurbishment was also completed to the baggage reclaim hall, doubling it in size. The terminal is currently undergoing a refurbishment. In recent years the terminal has been used by the low cost airlines operating out of Gatwick, and many of the former users have moved to the newer North Terminal.
- Aer Lingus (Dublin October 28)
- African Safari Airways (Mombasa)
- Afriqiyah Airways (Tripoli)
- Air Zimbabwe (Harare)
- Air Malta (Catania, Malta)
- Air Transat (Calgary, Fredericton May 6, 2008, Halifax May 6, 2008, Montréal, Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver)
- airBaltic (Riga, Vilnius)
- Alexandair (Heraklion, Kos)
- Aurigny Air (Guernsey)
- Azerbaijan Airlines (Baku)
- Belavia (Minsk)
- BH Air (Bourgas, Plovdiv, Sofia, Varna)
- BritishJET (Malta)
- Bulgaria Air (Sofia, Varna)
- Centralwings (Krakow, Warsaw, Wroclaw)
- Croatia Airlines (Dubrovnik, Pula, Split)
- Cubana de Aviación (Havana, Holguin)
- easyJet (Alicante, Almeria, Amsterdam, Athens, Barcelona, Belfast-International, Berlin-Schönefeld, Bucharest-Băneasa October 29, Budapest, Cologne/Bonn, Edinburgh, Faro, Gdansk October, Geneva, Glasgow-International, Ibiza, Inverness, Innsbruck October Krakow September, La Rochelle, Lisbon October 30, Madrid, Malaga, Marrakech, Marseille, Menorca, Milan-Linate, Milan-Malpensa, Nice, Olbia, Palermo, Palma de Mallorca, Pisa, Prague, Rome-Ciampino, Sofia November, Split, Toulouse, Valencia, Venice)
- Estonian Air (Tallinn)
- Eurocypria Airlines (Larnaca, Paphos)
- European Aviation Air Charter (Rimini)
- Flybe (Belfast-City, Bergerac, Guernsey, Inverness, Isle of Man, Jersey)
- Flyglobespan (Calgary , Toronto-Hamilton , Vancouver )
- Free Bird Airlines (Antalya, Dalaman)
- Ghana International Airlines (Accra)
- Germanwings (Hamburg)
- Iberia Airlines
- operated by Air Nostrum (Mahon)
- Jet2.com (Newcastle)
- Karthago Airlines (Monastir)
- KD Avia (Kaliningrad)
- LTE International Airways (Las Palmas, Palma, Tenerife)
- Meridiana (Cagliari, Florence, Olbia)
- Monarch Airlines (scheduled) (Alicante, Arrecife, Faro, Granada, Ibiza, Lisbon, Malaga, Murcia, Tenerife)
- Monarch Airlines (charter) (Alicante, Almeria, Antalya, Arrecife, Banjul, Barbados, Barcelona, Bodrum, Calgary, Cancún, Chania, Colombo, Corfu, Faro, Fuerteventura, Geneva, Goa, Grenoble, Heraklion, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Kos, Lanzarote, Las Palmas, Luxor, Lyon, Mahon, Malaga, Male, Mombasa, Naples, Orlando-Sanford, Palma, Paphos, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Salzburg, Sharm el Sheikh, Skiathos, Sofio, Taba, Tenerife, Toulouse, Trivandrum, Turin, Venice, Verona, Zacinthos)
- MyTravel Airways (Agadir, Almeria, Arrecife, Bodrum, Bourgas, Calgary, Cancun, Corfu, Dalaman, Edmonton, Fuerteventura, Gerona, Goa, Heraklion, Hurghada, Ibiza, Kefallinia, Kos, La Romana, Las Palmas, Mahon, Malaga, Male, Monastir, Montego Bay, Orlando-Sanford, Palma, Paphos, Puerto Plata, Reus, Rhodes, Salzburg, Tenerife, Toronto-Pearson, Turin, Vancouver, Zakinthos)
- Northwest Airlines (Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul)
- Norwegian Air Shuttle (Oslo October 28, Stavanger November 2)
- Nouvelair Tunisia (Djerba, Monastir)
- Oasis Hong Kong Airlines (Hong Kong)
- Olympic Airlines (Athens, Thessaloniki)
- Onur Air (Bodrum, Dalaman)
- Pegasus Airlines (Dalaman)
- Qatar Airways (Doha)
- Rossiya (airline) (St. Petersburg)
- Ryanair (Cork, Dublin, Shannon)
- Scandinavian Airlines System (Aalesund, Bergen)
- SATA International (Ponta Delgada)
- Sterling Airlines (Aalborg, Billund, Copenhagen, Oslo October 28, Stockholm-Arlanda)
- Sudan Airways (Khartoum)
- Superfly (airline) (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi)
- TAP Portugal (Funchal, Lisbon, Porto)
- TAROM (Cluj Napoca) October 28
- Thomsonfly (Agadir, Alghero, Alicante, Almeria, Antalya, Arrecife, Barbados, Bodrum, Bourgas, Cancun, Catania, Chania, Corfu, Dalaman, Dubrovnik, Enontekio, Faro, Figari, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Geneva, Gerona, Goa, Heraklion, Hurghada, Ibiza, Kavala, Kefallinia, Kos, Las Palmas, Lamezia, Larnaca, Las Palmas, Luxor, Mahon, Malaga, Malta, Marsa Alam, Mombasa, Monastir, Montego Bay, Niš , Orlando-Sanford, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Plovdiv, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, Reus, Rovaniemi, Salzburg, Sharm el Sheikh, Sofia, Tenerife, Thessaloniki, Toulouse, Turin, Varadero, Varna, Verona, Zakynthos)
- Thomas Cook Airlines (Agadir, Alicante, Almeria, Antalya, Arrecife, Banjul, Barbados, Bodrum, Bourgas, Calgary, Cancun, Cayo Coco, Corfu, Cunagua, Dalaman, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Geneva, Halifax, Hassi Messaoud, Heraklion, Ibiza, Innsbruck, Izmir, Kalamata, Kefallinia, Kos, Larnaca, Las Palmas, Lyon, Mahon, Malaga, Malta, Monastir, Montréal, Munich, Orlando-Sanford, Ottawa, Palma de Mallorca, Paphos, Plovdiv, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Reus, Rhodes, Salzburg, Sharm el Sheikh, Skiathos, Sofia, Split, Tenerife, Thessaloniki, Thira, Toronto-Pearson, Toulouse, Turin, Vancouver, Varadero, Verona, Zakinthos)
- Ukraine International Airlines (Kiev-Boryspil)
- US Airways (Charlotte, Philadelphia)
- Viking Airlines (Heraklion)
- Virgin Atlantic Airways (Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Havana, Kingston October 30, Las Vegas, Montego Bay, Orlando, St Lucia, Tobago)
- Wizz Air (Katowice January 31, 2008)
- XL Airways (Alicante, Algarve, Almeria, Antalya, Arrecife, Athens, Barbados, Bastia, Bodrum, Brescia, Cagliari, Catania, Chania, Corfu, Dalaman, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Goa, Grenada, Heraklion, Holguin, Hurghada, Kalamata, Kavala, Kefallina, Kos, Larnaca, Las Palmas, Lemnos, Mahon, Malaga, Malta, Marsa Alam, Mitilini, Mombasa, Murcia, Mykonos, Naples, Orlando-Sanford, Palma, Paphos, Preveza, Puerto Plata, Pula, Punta Cana, Rhodes, Samos, Santa Clara, Sharm el Sheikh, Skiathos, St. Kitts,St.lucia, Taba, Tenerife, Thessaloniki, Thira, Tobago, Volos, Zakinthos)
- Zoom Airlines (Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax, Montréal, Ottawa, Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver, Winnipeg)
- Zoom Airlines Limited (Bermuda, New York-JFK)
Gatwick Airport Transit
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The Gatwick Airport Transit provides free transportation between the North and South Terminals. The transit system uses transit vehicles that run along a 1.2km long elevated two-way track system. The transit vehicles are automatic driverless people movers each with three cars. The transit is free to use with a travel time of only one minute fifty-six seconds. The transit runs every three minutes in peak travel periods (when two vehicles are used) and every six minutes at all other times (when one vehicle shuttles back and forth).
Incidents and accidents
- 17 February 1959 - a Turkish Airlines Vickers Viscount crashed near Horley whilst approaching to land at Gatwick. The plane hit some trees and went into a house. 12 of 22 on board the plane died. On board at the time was then-Turkey Prime Minister Adnan Menderes, who was amongst the survivors.
- 5 January 1969 - Ariana Flight 701, a Boeing 727-113C of Ariana Afghan Airlines was arriving at Gatwick from Frankfurt International Airport in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and crashed into a house while attempting to land in low visibility conditions. The flaps were not extended far enough to maintain flight at final approach speed. 50 of the 66 people on board died as well as two on the ground.
Facilities
Both terminals at Gatwick offer a range of facilities for travellers. Business travellers are catered for by several executive lounges offering peace and quiet and modern business facilities. There is also a conference and business centre with meeting facilities and business services. Business Travellers are also offered Fast Track which enables an efficient car park to airport to check-in and then to flight service.
Children are catered for with facilities for baby changing and feeding and there are play areas and video games to keep them amused.
Disabled passengers can travel easily through Gatwick too with all areas being accessible and added special needs facilities.
Both North and South terminals have a range of shops and restaurants both landside and airside.
The airport and the surrounding area has many hotels of differing grades from executive accommodation to a
capsule hotel.
Worship
Gatwick Airport has Anglican, Catholic and Free Church Chaplains. There is a multi-faith prayer room and counselling room in each terminal. A daily service is led by one of the chaplains. The prayer room is open to all faiths for prayer and devotion by all passengers.
Policing
Gatwick Airport is policed by a unit of
Sussex Police. The unit has jurisdiction over the whole airport, including any aircraft within its boundaries, except ones on the active runways. There are currently 150 officers in this unit including a significant number of armed officers, unarmed officers and
Police Community Support Officer who help out with the airport community and help to deal with minor offences. They are part of a Neighbourhood Specialist team.
The airport also has a sub-unit which protects against MANPADS by patrolling the area in and around the airport.
A separate sub-unit has also set up vehicle check points around the airport.^ "Guarding Gatwick", Airports - September/October 2007 (Key Publishing), P17
Ground transportation
The airport is located at junction 9A of the M23 motorway; a spur route itself from the main M23 motorway. The M23 connects with
London's
orbital motorway; the
M25 motorway, 9 miles (14 km) away at junction 8, offering road access to surrounding areas and beyond. Gatwick is on the A23 road
London to Brighton road and is also located at the southern end of the A217 road.
The
Gatwick Airport railway station is located next to the South Terminal and provides fast and frequent connections along the
Brighton Main Line to Victoria station (London) and
London Bridge station stations, as well as
Brighton to the south. The
Gatwick Express service to Victoria is the best-known rail service from the station, but several other companies, including
Southern (train operating company), First Capital Connect,
Virgin Trains and
First Great Western Link, use the station as well. First Capital Connect provide direct trains to
Luton Airport, and foot passengers with modest luggage can reach Heathrow Airport by catching a
London Buses Route X26 from the bus stops outside East Croydon station.
National Express operates coach services from Gatwick to both Heathrow and Stansted Airport, as well as smaller cities throughout the region.
Route 21 of the National Cycle Network passes under the South Terminal, allowing virtually traffic-free cycling northwards to Horley and southwards to Three Bridges and Crawley. A goods-style lift runs between the terminal and ground level (signed "Lift to Cycle Route"), near Zone L.
A large network of direct local bus services connect the North and South terminals with
Crawley, Horley,
Redhill, Horsham and other local destinations. Services are offered by Metrobus and Fastway; a guided bus rapid transit system which was the first of its kind to be constructed outside a major city.There are at least two sets of stairs which foot-passengers can use to leave the South Terminal and get to ground-level (near the cycle route) from the vicinity of Zone L and the train-station area (steps are labelled Exit Q and Exit P on the ground). These allow access to
bus stops for local services.
The airport has several long and short stay car parks, both at the airport and off-site.
References
- United Kingdom Aeronautical Information Publication
- Gwynne, Peter. (1990) A History of Crawley (2nd Edition) Philmore. ISBN 0-85033-718-6
- King, John, with Tait, Geoff, (1980) Golden Gatwick, 50 Years of Aviation, British Airports Authority.
External links
- Gatwick Airport Official Website
- Gatwick Airport Consultative Committee
London Gatwick Airport (LGW)
Official website featuring live flight arrivals, timetable, travel information, services and company information.
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Resource providing information on the airport's history, terminals, facilities, important contacts and transport options, as well a local area directory.
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Your guide to travelling between Gatwick Airport and Central London by train, coach and taxi plus hotel transfers
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Find out how to get to and from your hotel to London's Gatwick airport. Includes information on private transfers, trains, taxis, travelling by car and other general information.
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